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Revolutionary Vitamin B3 PatchMD Anti-Aging Patch

by Chiranjib Nath

Normal aging is accompanied by a noticeable increase in both mental and physical fatigue, along with a loss of motivation.1 The tiredness we outwardly feel reflects inward impairment of cellular functions critical to sustaining life. This is in part the result of reduced levels of a compound called NAD+, found in every cell in the body and essential to life.2,3 NAD+ enables the transfer of energy from the foods we eat to vital cell functions and is required to turn genes that accelerate degenerative aging processes.5,6

Published research confirms that NAD+ levels decline as we age7,8 and represent a fundamental, systemic contributor of aging.9 Finding a way to boost NAD+ levels, therefore, could help promote youthful vitality and even extend life span. The most effective way to boost NAD+ levels in the body is through a newly discovered form of vitamin B3 called nicotinamide riboside.10 Studies have shown that nicotinamide riboside switches the genes of aging, extends lifespan, increases endurance, improves cognitive function, activates beneficial sirtuins, and enhances cellular energy.5,11

What makes this patented form of vitamin B3 so unique is its ability to directly convert into NAD+. NAD+ is the term used in the scientific literature to describe a cellular compound called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Compelling research shows that NAD+ has a unique ability to protect tissues, induce DNA repair, and increase life span.3,12,13 These features have led prominent universities to investigate NAD+ as a potential therapy for various degenerative diseases associated with the aging process.14

NAD+ battles aging in two different and important ways: The first has to do with cellular energy. NAD+ plays an important role in transferring energy released from the foods we eat to the mitochondria so that it can be converted into cellular energy.3,15 Mitochondria are the tiny intracellular furnaces that power cellular processes.16 As NAD+ levels decline, mitochondrial function is impaired, which results in fewer mitochondria surviving, and ultimately may lead to many of the physical symptoms of aging. Fortunately, by increasing intracellular NAD+ levels, age-related mitochondrial dysfunction can be reversed.9

Second, NAD+ activates key anti-aging enzymes called sirtuins.9,17,18 Sirtuins, specifically SIRT1 and SIRT3, are intimately related to longevity through their control of gene expression and require NAD+ for their activity.3,5,19,20-22 By activating these sirtuins, we are able to gain control over one of our body’s anti-aging switches. SIRT enzymes turn off certain genes that promote aging, such as those involved in inflammation,23,24 in fat synthesis and storage,25,26 and in blood sugar management.25,26

Nicotinamide riboside has been scientifically proven to maintain robust levels of NAD+ in cells, thereby both supporting vital cellular energy functions and activating the anti-aging enzymes SIRT1 and SIRT3.11,27 As a result, NAD+ provides an extraordinary range of longevity benefits that add up to a system-wide slowing and reversal of certain aging processes. In addition, nicotinamide riboside accomplishes this NAD+ boosting effect without the irritating skin flushing and rash caused by the standard forms of vitamin B3.4,28 Directly boosting NAD+ with nicotinamide riboside presents a new and effective strategy for preventing the natural decline in cellular energy as we age by promoting youthful vitality.

References

  1. Egerton T. Self-reported aging-related fatigue: a concept description and its relevance to physical therapist practice. Phys Ther. 2013 Oct;93(10):1403-13.
  2. Busso N, Karababa M, Nobile M, et al. Pharmacological inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/visfatin enzymatic activity identifies a new inflammatory pathway linked to NAD. PLoS One. 2008 May 21;3(5):e2267.
  3. Sauve AA. NAD+ and vitamin B3: from metabolism to therapies.J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2008 Mar;324(3):883-93.
  4. Ying W. NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in cellular functions and cell death: regulation and biological consequences. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008 Feb;10(2):179-206.
  5. Belenky P, Racette FG, Bogan KL, McClure JM, Smith JS, Brenner C. Nicotinamide riboside promotes Sir2 silencing and extends lifespan via Nrk and Urh1/Pnp1/Meu1 pathways to NAD+. Cell. 2007 May 4;129(3):473-84.
  6. Imai S, Armstrong CM, Kaeberlein M, Guarente L. Transcriptional silencing and longevity protein Sir2 is an NAD-dependent histone deacetylase. Nature. 2000 Feb 17;403(6771):795-800.
  7. Massudi H, Grant R, Braidy N, Guest J, Farnsworth B, Guillemin GJ. Age-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissue. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e42357.
  8. Braidy N, Guillemin GJ, Mansour H, Chan-Ling T, Poljak A, Grant R. Age related changes in NAD+ metabolism oxidative stress and Sirt1 activity in wistar rats. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 26;6(4):e19194.
  9. Gomes AP, Price NL, Ling AJ, et al. Declining NAD(+) induces a pseudohypoxic state disrupting nuclear-mitochondrial communication during aging. Cell. 2013 Dec 19;155(7):1624-38.
  10. Khan NA, Auranen M, Paetau I, et al. Effective treatment of mitochondrial myopathy by nicotinamide riboside, a vitamin B3. EMBO Mol Med. 2014 Apr 6;6(6):721-31.
  11. Canto C, Houtkooper RH, Pirinen E, et al. The NAD(+) precursor nicotinamide riboside enhances oxidative metabolism and protects against high-fat diet-induced obesity. Cell Metab. 2012 Jun 6;15(6):838-47.
  12. Satoh MS, Poirier GG, Lindahl T. NAD(+)-dependent repair of damaged DNA by human cell extracts. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 15;268(8):5480-7.
  13. Anderson RM, Bitterman KJ, Wood JG, et al. Manipulation of a nuclear NAD+ salvage pathway delays aging without altering steady-state NAD+ levels. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 24;277(21):18881-90.
  14. Available at: http://investors.chromadex.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=212121&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1936672&highlight=. Accessed October 10, 2014.
  15. Gong B, Pan Y, Vempati P, et al. Nicotinamide riboside restores cognition through an upregulation of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1alpha regulated beta-secretase 1 degradation and mitochondrial gene expression in Alzheimer’s mouse models. Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Jun;34(6):1581-8.
  16. Smith CP, Thorsness PE. The molecular basis for relative physiological functionality of the ADP/ATP carrier isoforms in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics. 2008 Jul;179(3):1285-99.
  17. Villalba JM, Alca­n FJ. Sirtuin activators and inhibitors. Biofactors. 2012 Sep-Oct;38(5):349-59.
  18. Landry J, Sutton A, Tafrov ST, et al. The silencing protein SIR2 and its homologs are NAD-dependent protein deacetylases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000 May 23;97(11):5807-11.
  19. Imai SI, Guarente L. NAD and sirtuins in aging and disease. Trends Cell Biol. 2014 Aug;24(8):464-71.
  20. Hirschey MD, Shimazu T, Huang JY, Schwer B, Verdin E. SIRT3 regulates mitochondrial protein acetylation and intermediary metabolism. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 2011;76:267-77.
  21. Chen Y, Fu LL, Wen X, et al. Sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a therapeutic target with oncogenic and tumor-suppressive function in cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2014 Feb 6;5:e1047.
  22. Scher MB, Vaquero A, Reinberg D. SirT3 is a nuclear NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase that translocates to the mitochondria upon cellular stress. Genes Dev. 2007 Apr 15;21(8):920-8.
  23. Kotas ME, Gorecki MC, Gillum MP. Sirtuin-1 is a nutrient-dependent modulator of inflammation. Adipocyte. 2013 Apr 1;2(2):113-8.
  24. M Galli, Van Gool F, Leo O. Sirtuins and inflammation: Friends or foes? Biochem Pharmacol. 2011 Mar 1;81(5):569-76.
  25. Li X, Kazgan N. Mammalian sirtuins and energy metabolism. Int J Biol Sci. 2011 Feb; 7(5):575-87.
  26. Chang HC, Guarente L. SIRT1 and other sirtuins in metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Mar;25(3):138-45.
  27. Belenky P, Stebbins R, Bogan KL, Evans CR, Brenner C. Nrt1 and Tna1-independent export of NAD+ precursor vitamins promotes NAD+ homeostasis and allows engineering of vitamin production. PLoS One. 2011 May 11;6(5):e19710.
  28. Belenky PA, Moga TG, Brenner C. Saccharomyces cerevisiae YOR071C encodes the high affinity nicotinamide riboside transporter Nrt1. J Biol Chem. 2008 Mar 28;283(13):8075-9.
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